The increasing global population and the concomitant rise in food demand present one of the most pressing
challenges for policymakers and agricultural planners, with Iran being no exception. Although Iran has longfaced limitations in agricultural production resources, especially water and fertile soil, these issues, combined
with urbanization, climate change, and population growth, have heightened the demand for food and threatened
food security. To address this, it is necessary to focus on both the quantitative and qualitative improvement of
agricultural products, as this is one of the most important factors affecting food security. Given the nutritional
importance of rice in the Iranian diet and the constraints on agricultural product resources, planning for increased
yield per unit area is essential. Instead of relying on imports, we can leverage knowledge and adopt new
technologies to boost productivity and improve crop plants performance. It should be kept in mind that
increasing the yield of rice is a major goal with many benefits for farmers and managers. One method of rice
plant breeding involves identifying genotypes with alleles associated with yield improvement, which can then be
introduced to landraces and breeding cultivars. Since yield is a quantitative trait controlled by many genes, one
of the key components of yield is the number of grains per panicle. Due to its importance and its effect on
increasing yield per unit area, the aim of the present study was to identify rice genotypes with the desired allele
using functional markers related to Grain number 1a gene (Gn1a). The goal is to identify the genotypes
containing the alleles of this gene and use them to enhance the desirable traits of local and improved cultivars.