Collection and conservation of germplasm, particularly for landraces of important agronomically species and organizing their information, cause to continuity of their usefulness and reduce the risk of their genetic erosion. In this experiment, 10 Iranian wheat landraces along with the Chinese Spring cultivar, as control, were used to assess inter and intra populations variation by using ISSR molecular markers and morphological traits. Evaluation of populations in terms of height, spike length, awn length, number of spike nodes, number of grains per spike, flag leaf length and grain weight showed that there were considerable variation among landraces. Also, in some landraces like KhorramAbad and Ardabil, intra population diversity for some of these traits, such as plant height and length of awn, was obvious. Evaluation of the landraces for ISSR markers showed that among 99 scored bands, 78 bands were polymorphic. Percent of polymorphism with mean of 81.88 % was varied from 53.33 for primer of ISSR-4 to 100% for primers of ISSR-9, ISSR-14, ISSR-5 and ISSR-7. Average PIC of the landraces was estimated 3.0. Results of this study showed that there was considerable intra population diversity for the ISSR markers in landraces of KhorramAbad, Maragheh and Torbat-e-Heydarieh however, a little diversity for Khoy, Ahwaz, Isfahan, Mashad, Urmia, Shiraz and Ardabil was observed. Results of this study showed that there is inter and intra genetic diversity within Iranian landraces of wheat with different levels and these landraces can be used as basic population for extraction of pure lines.