بررسی اثر متقابل ژنوتیپ × محیط و پایداری عملکرد دانه هیبریدهای جدید آفتابگردان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گلستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گرگان

2 بخش تحقیقات دانههای روغنی، مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج

3 بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کرمانشاه، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرمانشاه

4 بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان سمنان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، شاهرود

چکیده
اثر متقابل ژنوتیپ × محیط مسئله‌ای مهم در مطالعه صفات کمی میباشد، زیرا پایداری عملکرد در محیط‌های مختلف را کاهش می‌دهد. در این راستا به‌منظور تجزیه اثر متقابل ژنوتیپ × محیط و تعیین پایداری عملکرد و سازگاری هیبریدهای جدید آفتابگردان روغنی، تعداد شانزده ژنوتیپ آفتابگردان در چهار ایستگاه‌ تحقیقاتی (کرج، گرگان، کرمانشاه و شاهرود) در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار به مدت دو سال زراعی (1402-1400) مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. نتایج تجزیه مرکب عملکرد دانه نشان داد که اثرات محیط، ژنوتیپ و اثر متقابل ژنوتیپ × محیط معنی‌دار بودند. معنی‌دار بودن اثر متقابل ژنوتیپ × محیط، بیانگر واکنش متفاوت ژنوتیب‌ها در محیط‌های مختلف بود؛ از این‌رو، امکان تجزیه پایداری ژنوتیپ‌ها وجود داشت. بر اساس نتایج تجزیه پایداری با روش ابرهارت و راسل، ژنوتیپ‌های H8، H11، H14 و H10 با عملکرد بالاتر از میانگین و ضریب رگرسیون نزدیک به یک به‌عنوان ژنوتیپ با سازگاری عمومی بالا برای تمام مناطق شناخته شدند. بر اساس روش گزینش همزمان برای عملکرد و پایداری (YSi)، ژنوتیپ‌های H10، H11و H8 با کمترین مقادیر به‌عنوان پایدارترین و ژنوتیپ‌های H9، H16و H6 با بیشترین مقدار آماره‌ مذکور به‌عنوان ناپایدارترین ژنوتیپ‌ها شناسایی شدند. همچنین بر اساس شاخص SIIG، ژنوتیپ‌های H10 و H11 با داشتن مقدار SIIG بالا و همچنین عملکرد دانه بالاتر از میانگین به‌عنوان ژنوتیپ‌های برتر از نظر پایداری و عملکرد دانه شناخته شدند و قابلیت ورود به آزمایش‌های تحقیقی-ترویجی به‌منظور معرفی به‌عنوان رقم جدید برای کشت را دارند. بر اساس نتایج تجزیه خوشه‌ای، هر دو سال آزمایش مکان‌های گرگان و کرمانشاه در یک گروه قرار گرفتند که بیان‌گر قابلیت پیش‌بینی و تکرارپذیری بالای این مکان‌ها می‌باشد.

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