بررسی کارایی نشانگرهای ISSR و SCoT در مطالعه‌ی تنوع ژنتیکی برخی جمعیت‌های گشنیز (.Coriandrum sativum L)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، ، بیرجند

چکیده
گشنیز یکی از چهار گیاه دارویی اصلی ایران است. ایران چهارمین تولیدکننده و هشتمین صادرکننده‌ی گشنیز در جهان است. در این مطالعه، تنوع ژنتیکی، 16 جمعیت گشنیز از سه استان خراسان‌جنوبی، یزد و کرمان با استفاده از 10 آغازگر ISSR و 15 آغازگر SCoT مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که، در مجموع، آغازگرهای ISSR، 91/95 و آغازگرهای SCoT، 67/97 درصد چندشکلی نشان دادند و به‌ترتیب 49 و 86 باند با وضوح بالا تکثیر گردید. آغازگرهای IS1 و SC11، SC13 بیشترین تعداد باند (۸ و 9 باند) و آغازگرهای IS2، IS7 و SC4 کمترین تعداد باند (3 باند) را تکثیر نمودند. مقدار شاخص‌های PIC، MI، EMR و RP برای نشانگر ISSR، به ترتیب 43/0، 07/2، 55/4 و 56/3 و برای نشانگر SCoT، به ترتیب 38/0، 09/2، 49/5 و 38/3 برآورد گردید. بر اساس داده‌های نشانگر ISSR، بیشترین شباهت‌ ژنتیکی بین جمعیت‌های بافت-راور، بافت-ماهان و یزد-تفت و بر اساس نشانگر SCoT، بیشترین شباهت‌ ژنتیکی بین بافت-راور و کرمان بافت مشاهده شد. بر اساس داده‌های نشانگر ISSR، کمترین شباهت‌ ژنتیکی بین جمعیت‌های خوسف زرند، نهبندان-زرند و بیرجند-زرند و بر اساس نشانگر SCoT، کمترین شباهت‌ ژنتیکی بین بیرجند-بهاباد، خوسف-زرند و بیرجند-یزد به‌دست آمد. تجزیه خوشه‌ای بر اساس داده‌های نشانگر ISSR و SCoT، جمعیت‌ها را به‌ترتیب در چهار و سه خوشه گروه‌بندی نمود. درصد بالای چندشکلی در داده‌های به‌دست آمده از نشانگرهای ISSR و SCoT نشان داد که این نشانگرها برای تجزیه تنوع ژنتیکی در جمعیت‌های گشنیز کارآمد است. توجیه درصد کمی از تغییرات کل داده‌ها توسط مؤلفه‌های اصلی نشان داد که آغازگرها پراکندگی مناسبی بر روی ژنوم داشتند. نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که درون جمعیت‌های هر استان تشابه ژنتیکی نسبتاً بالا و بین جمعیت‌های استان‌های مختلف، تشابه ژنتیکی کمتری وجود داشت. به منظور ایجاد حداکثر هتروزیس، تلاقی خوسف × زرند پیشنهاد می‌گردد.

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