گزینش ژنومی برای عملکرد دانه در ذرت (.Zea mays L) تحت شرایط بهینه و تنش شوری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

چکیده
ذرت با عملکرد دانه و بیوماس بالا به‌عنوان یکی از محصولات غذایی اصلی و علوفه‌ای می‌باشد که در طیف‌ وسیعی از شرایط آب ‌و ‌هوایی کشت می‌شود. با توسعه فناوری‌های توالی‌یابی DNA و در دسترس بودن نشانگرهای متراکمِ گسترده در سرتاسر ژنوم، شواهد و گزارش‌های زیادی از جایگزین شدن گزینش‌ ژنومی (Genomic selection: GS) به جای گزینش کلاسیک و گزینش به کمک نشانگر (Marker-assisted selection: MAS) ارائه شده ‌است. در این تحقیق 86 لاین ذرت از لحاظ صفت عملکرد دانه (GY) در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با 3 تکرار در دو محیط بهینه و تنش شوری ds/m 8 در شرایط گلدانی مورد ارزیابی قرارگرفتند. بعد از ژنوتیپ‌سنجی لاین­ها با استفاده از آرایه ژنوتیپ­سنجی Affymetrix® Maize 600K در شرکت TraitGenetics (آلمان) و حذف SNPهایی (Single nucleotide polymorphism) با بیش از 10 درصد داده گمشده و فراوانی آلل مینور کمتر از 10 درصد، SNPهای باقی­مانده برای گزینش‌ ژنومی در شرایط بهینه و تنش‌ شوری مورد استفاده قرار ‌گرفتند. ارزش اصلاحی ژنومی با روش­های آماری ژنومیک بلاپ (gBLUP)، رگرسیون ریچ (rrBLUP)، روش­های بیزین شامل رگرسیون ریچ بیزی (BRR)، بیز A (Bayes A)، بیز B (Bayes B) و بیز C (Bayes C) در نرم‌افزار  iPatبرای صفت عملکرد برآورد شدند. برای انتخاب بهترین مدل از معیار همبستگی استفاده شد. بر اساس نتایج، روش بیز C بهترین روش برای پیشگویی ارزش‌های اصلاحی ژنومی هم در شرایط بهینه و هم در شرایط تنش بود. در تجزیه خوشه­ای بر اساس ارزش‌های اصلاحی ژنومی برآورد شده، ژنوتیپ‌های ذرت مورد مطالعه در سه گروه تقسیم شدند. در ادامه تجزیه ارتباط در گستره ژنوم (Genome-wide association study: GWAS) با استفاده از روش BLINK برای داده‌های عملکرد دانه و ارزش‌های اصلاحی در دو شرایط بهینه و تنش شوری انجام شد که به‌ترتیب 290 و 108 نشانگر با ارتباط معنی‌دار شناسایی گردید. در نهایت توالی SNPهای معنی‌دار برای شناسایی ژن‌های کاندید احتمالی بررسی شد. ژن‌های کاندید Putative MAPKKK family protein kinase، PDHB و Glutamine synthetase 1 بودند. این ژن‌ها در مسیرهایی مانند تنظیم پاسخ‌های دفاعی، بیوسنتز اسیدهای آمینه و حفظ تعادل اسمزی در برابر تنش‌های محیطی نقش دارند که می‌توانند به­طور چشمگیری در افزایش تحمل گیاه به تنش‌های غیرزیستی مؤثر باشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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