Plant Genetic Research
Scientific Journal

Evaluation of Genetic Parameters of Sesame Hybrids Resulting from Crossing of Genotypes Susceptible and Tolerant to Seed Shedding Using the Diallel Griffing Method

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Somayeh Miri 1
Hamid Najafi Zarini 1
Kamal Payghamzadeh 2
Ghafar Kiani 1

1 Department of Plant Breeding, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Sari, Iran

2 Horticulture Crops Research Department, Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Gorgan, Iran

https://doi.org/10.22034/pgr.2025.2069006.1011
Abstract
Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is one of the most important summer oilseeds due to its unique characteristics, contributing significantly to national oil and meal demands. To generate new genetic diversity and evaluate genetic parameters, eight sesame genotypes were used, including two seed shattering-tolerant genotypes (G.Kara24 and G.Kara42), three moderately shattering-tolerant genotypes (G.Kara10, G.Kara18, and G.Kara117), and three early-maturing commercial cultivars susceptible to seed shattering (Oltan, Sardar, and multi-branched Naz). These genotypes were crossed in a complete diallel mating design, and the F₁ hybrids along with their parents were evaluated during the 2022–2023 cropping season using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The analysis of combining abilities indicated that general combining ability (GCA) effects were significant for most traits, including the number of capsules per plant, seeds per capsule, seed yield, and capsule height. This highlights the predominance of additive genetic effects in the inheritance of these traits. In contrast, specific combining ability (SCA) effects were not significant for most traits, suggesting a limited role of non-additive effects. Furthermore, the additive-to-dominance variance ratio and Baker’s ratio exceeded one for many traits, reinforcing the importance of additive effects. Thus, selection of superior parents based on GCA is recommended for further breeding programs. Reciprocal cross analysis revealed significant maternal (cytoplasmic) effects for several traits. Traits such as flowering initiation, physiological maturity, and plant height showed notable SCA and reciprocal effects, underscoring the potential of specific hybrids and selected parents in breeding efforts. Overall, G.Kara24, G.Kara117, and Naz chand shakheh were identified as promising parents for early flowering, high yield, and earliness traits, based on comprehensive analyses of GCA, SCA, and reciprocal effects.

Keywords

General compatibility
Genetic diversity
Diallel
Seed yield
Sesame

Subjects

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Plant Genetic Research
Volume 12, Issue 1
June 2025
Pages 105-130

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