Plant Genetic Research
Scientific Journal

Graphical Analysis of Genetic Parameters for Grain Yield Related Traits in Spring Wheat

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Saeid Bagherikia 1
Manoochehr Khodarahmi 2
Habiballah Soughi 1

1 Horticulture Crops Research Department, Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Gorgan, Iran

2 Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, AREEO, Karaj, Iran

10.22034/pgr.2025.2084080.1030
Abstract
In order to understand the genetic structure of the agronomic traits related to grain yield, seven spring bread wheat cultivars including Shavour, Talaei, Khalil, Baharan, Taktaz, Araz and Arman were planted in a crossing block and direct diallel crosses were performed among the seven cultivars to produce F1 generation. The progenies of the crosses with their parents were evaluated based on a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications at Gorgan agricultural research station in 2023-2024 cropping season. The results showed a significant difference among the genotypes for all the studied traits. Estimation of genetic parameters using Heiman's method showed that the values of dominance variance were significantly greater than that of the additive variance for grain yield, biological yield, 100-kernel weight, number of grains per spike, number of spikelets per spike, spike weight and grain weight per spike. Conversely, the values of additive variance were significantly greater than that of the dominance variance for peduncle length. Also. there was a small difference between the values of dominance and additive variance for the plant height and spike length triats. For biological yield, 100-kernel weight, number of grains per spike and number of spikelets per spike, the proportion of dominant alleles and was greater than the recessive alleles, whereas the proportion of dominant and recessive alleles was equal in the other traits. High broad-sense heritability in grain yield and biological yield and number of grains per spike and their smallish narrow-sense heritability showed a greater share of the dominance effect in controlling these traits. The results of graphical analysis showed that grain yield, biological yield, number of grains per spike, number of spikelets per spike, spike weight and grain weight per spike were controlled with overdominance gene action, 100-kernel weight was controlled with complete dominance gene action and other traits were controlled with incomplete dominance gene action. The study of the distribution of parents around the regression line showed that Shavour, Khalil and Talaei cultivars carried the most dominant genes, whereas Araz and Taktaz cultivars carried the most recessive genes in controlling grain yield and biological yield. These findings suggest that crossing these cultivars could lead to the production of hybrids with improved performance.

Keywords

Additive effect
Regression
Gene action
Overdominance
Covariance

Subjects

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